Suona, straight wind instrument, also known as trumpet, small suona is also known as sea flute. It has been introduced to Xinjiang in my country during the Western Jin Dynasty. In the murals of the 38th Cave of the Kizil Cave Temple in Xinjiang, there has been a painting of playing suona. In the Yungang Grottoes excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is also a sculpture image of playing suona. Suona has a long history, wide popularity and rich skills in my country. It has the characteristics of high-pitched and loud voice and strong expressiveness, as well as the advantage of expressing rough and unrestrained, delicate and euphemistic. wind instrument.

The formation of a genre

When it comes to factions, the whole country is divided into several major factions, such as the Northeast faction, the Shandong faction, the Shaanxi faction, etc., and individual schools are divided into different factions. The above-mentioned major schools are the Suona schools with greater influence in our country.

As the saying goes, one side's water and soil support another side's people, and different schools have different styles of playing skills, which are affected by its geographical environment, cultural background, customs, customs, language and other aspects. The reason why suona has developed from those aimless playing to today's high-quality professional performance is due to those old artists who have made positive contributions to the standardization of suona art and the scientific systematization of suona teaching. It is their development that makes the suona playing techniques unified, and drives the suona art all over the country to flourish and develop continuously. With the development of society and the improvement of artistic level, each faction is absorbing some external factors to supplement their own artistic nutrition, taking advantage of the strengths of each family, enriching and enriching their own music content, and broadening and increasing the creative ideas and ideas of music. scope.

2. The style characteristics of Shandong School and Northeast School

There are three kinds of suonas commonly used in Shandong: large, medium and small, as well as tin flutes and copper rods. The sound of the big suona is d1, the pronunciation is deep and full, the sound of the middle suona is a2, the pronunciation is round and soft, the sound of the small suona is d3, the pronunciation is exciting and high-pitched, the sound of the tin flute and the copper rod is c3, and the pronunciation is crisp and bright. The reeds of Shandong suona are bag-shaped, easy to control, and the pronunciation is loud and sweet, soft and soft. Common skills: Shandong suona playing is free and easy, easy and dexterous, rich in skills and varied. Special skills such as sound, air impulse sound, batch sound, double spit only, continuous sound, air labial vibrato, finger air vibrato and so on. These are the typical techniques used by the distinctive Shandong style suona. The representative of the Shandong School is Mr. Ren Tongxiang, a famous suona player in my country. He was born in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, which is known as the "Hometown of Suona". His foundation is profound, his skills are comprehensive and adept, and his tone is pure and gorgeous. Its performance has the characteristics of boldness and elegance, loudness and affection, bright colors, clean and neat, full of strong life flavor and strong local characteristics. The famous suona song "One Flower" is a masterpiece by Mr. Ren Tongxiang. This piece of music is recognized by the masses as a masterpiece of instrumental music and a treasure in the treasure house of art. The whole song has three sections: scattered board, middle board and allegro. The scattered board is based on the tone of Shandong bangzi. The melody is undulating and emotional. Through the application of ornamental, portamento, and lip-finger kneading, as well as the four-degree up-jump that appears many times in the tune, the change of inflection and inflection in the intensity increases the resentment and sadness of the music, giving people a desolate and affectionate voice , a sense of grief and grief. The music has clear layers, rigorous structure, vivid image, appropriate affection, strong contrast and strong artistic appeal.

There are also three types of suona in the Northeast school: large, medium and small. The inner bore of the rod and the sound hole are large, and the bowl is played down again, forming a small third relationship between the drum sound and the first sound hole. The characteristics of the reed are: belly, fan-shaped, rough, loud, vigorous and simple. One is the use of circular breathing, and the other is the water toot, so that the sound is perfect, relaxed and beautiful. Through different playing techniques and unique variation methods, the unique performance characteristics of the Northeast Suona have been formed. There are many suona repertoires in the Northeast, such as the four categories of Han blowing music, big brand music, small brand music and northern music. Another example is "Ou Tiange", "One Dragon", "Little Door", "Eight Dragons" and so on. These pieces of music embody the noble feelings of loyalty, simplicity and enthusiasm of the Northeast folks. The representative of the Northeast School is the famous suona player Hu Haixiang. He has his own experience of playing styles and technical knowledge of different schools, and has formed his own playing style. His timbre is full and bright, and his performance is mainly characterized by enthusiasm and vigor. . Representative repertoires include "Two People Turning Brand Song", "A New Weather in Rural Areas", "Singing Henan Diao to Celebrate the Harvest" and so on. The music "Spring Breeze Blows the Green and Yellow River Banks" has strong northeastern characteristics, and many parts of the song use flower tongue sounds, which are commonly used performance skills in the northeast region. Hua Tongue, commonly known as Dulu, is divided into water Dulu, Dry Dulu, Wind Dulu and Slow Dulu. In fact, the blowing methods and effects of these four kinds of toots are similar, except for the speed and speed of the sound. Speaking of the Northeast Suona, people can easily think of Errenzhuan. Errenzhuan is a local drama in the Northeast region, no one knows it, no one knows it.

3. Briefly describe other factions

Henan suona is like the speech of Henan people, "the sound is more flat but less intrusive, upright but not euphemistic". With the changes and development of history, it not only maintains the local characteristics of rigidity, softness, high-pitched roughness, and simplicity and enthusiasm, but also absorbs the vigorous and powerful, dexterous and tactful music characteristics of Hebei and Shandong, and the delicate and refined music of the south.

Hebei Suona is warm and hearty, simple and honest. Its representative is Mr. Zhao Chunting, a famous suona player in my country. His original skills such as "xiao sound", "three-stringed sound" and "air arch sound" have broadened the expressive power of suona. The music "Shandong Big Drum" is Mr. Zhao Chunting's proud work. With crisp and reverberating playing skills, it imitates the effect of playing the sanxian vividly, giving people a sense of lightness and liveliness. The sound of playing and pronunciation is crisp, bright, elastic, and has a sound.

The suona in northern Shaanxi is usually about 68 centimeters in length and 41 centimeters in length. It is larger than the suona we use and has a thicker pronunciation. It is a musical instrument with the most charm in folk wedding events in northern Shaanxi, and it is also the most suitable expression of the infinite thoughts of people in northern Shaanxi. Its unrestrained, passionate, rough and melodious characteristics are integrated with the simplicity, straightforwardness, generosity and optimism of the locals, and the thick yellow land is sprinkled with hot sunshine, and the wind is full and bright.

Epilogue

On the road of learning, if you want to make continuous progress in your performance, you need to absorb nutrients widely, and according to your own personality, you can integrate hundreds of styles into one furnace, and take the strengths of thousands to make up for your weaknesses. On the basis of inheriting traditional playing methods, he has the courage to innovate and form his own unique playing style. It is necessary to strengthen one's own musical accomplishment, improve one's own musical quality, and learn from each other's playing methods of the north and south schools. Only in this way can the modern suona performance be fully developed. As a high-level performance and education talent with both morality, intelligence, and ability, he should also master more extensive theoretical knowledge in order to form a high-rise building.