How does the singing of guqin reflect? What are they? Ding Chengyun's "On Yinao", with a table of "Yinao Fingering Classification", is valuable for the classification of various Yinao fingering methods commonly used in zither music. It is recorded for reference by zither players:

Priority

Slow chanting: slow and gentle, with constant sound

Slow love: grand and generous, with the sense of ease and freedom

Screaming: It is tight and forceful, and its sound is not confused

Anxious love: tight but fast, quick but slow in hand, continuous and comfortable in voice

Size class

Da Yin: Yin refers to a magnate person

Da Nai: Nai means wide

Whispering: Whispering refers to small people. It's important to be careful and complete

Nailing: Nailing should be thin and firm if it is narrow

Dingyin: The muscles and bones of the fingers are slightly unstable, and they do not leave the position of the emblem and show signs

Sizing: It is used at the end of big and long necks. The method is like singing in silence

Long short class

Long Whispering: Double the number of chants, and turn every eight or nine times

Long Nail

Less Whispering: Whispering is reduced by half, about two turns

Shaonao: Reduce the amount of your love by half, about two turns

Slightly chanting: It's half of the rare chanting. It comes out carelessly

Slightly Nao: It is half of a small amount of Nao. It should be thin and moist, hard and crisp, and solid and loose

Sooner or later

Falling Finger Whispering: When the string falls, you can sing the sound without stopping

Lowering the finger: It means that when the string falls, the sound will be appreciated, and the sound will be coherent and crisp

Hiding the head: If you don't play the string, you should first take the bow and make the sound endless

Chengsheng Yin: If you don't want to answer it, you will sing

See the voice chanting: You can also chant after your reputation. After you touch the voice, you can chant just by pressing your finger. After you chant, you can only make the voice.

Xieyin: Sing after playing. Take the rest

Unintentional love: make every sound

Composite class

Chuo Yin: That is to chant with Chuo

Gratitude: That is to say, to be generous

Note: that is, note along with the note

Grouting: namely, grouting

Enter Yin: After pressing the sound of playing, go to the upper level to use Yin

Pitching: press the button to get the sound, and then go to the upper position to use the Pitching

Retreat Whispering: Press the sound of the play to retreat to the lower position and use Whispering

Backing off: press the button to get the sound, and then back to the lower position

Walk and sing: follow the sound up and down, and sing and lead

Chant: After the sound is played, the thin chant slowly flows down to the next one to get a broken sound, like water flowing

Flying Whispering: The sound is either two up and two down, or one up and two down. Each finger vibrates continuously, like a bird vibrating its wings

Chant to and fro: Chant to and fro phonemes

Double Whispering: Use the same string and two bullets at the same time, regardless of the priority

Double Pitching: Use the same string and two bullets at the same time, regardless of the priority

Slow Chant: Use both the same string and two bullets to chant. Slow down first and then hurry up

Anxious Nail: Use both the same string and two bullets to chant. Slow down first and then hurry up

Separate Whispering: That is to say, separate the middle and sing. After getting the sound, point to the upper one with a sharp chant on the left, and then play a shot to the standard

In addition, there are six characteristic categories. Because their explanations are vague, they are only attached below for reference:

Youyin: When you get the voice, you will step down, step up again, step back and step up again, and then use Changyin, which means wandering

Nao: when you get the sound, you go to the upper position, and then note the standard, up and down, and then use Chang Nao, which seems to ripple

Nail hitting: Nail hitting in the middle, which is specially used to pick up the sound according to the position, that is, the sound is actually up but not down, which is the opposite of regular Nail

Greeting the pitch: face up and hold down, make efforts at both ends, and be passionate

Pitching: press the button to get a sound, and move the finger slightly to activate the mechanism, meaning to be implicit

Nao: two or three points up and down, fourteen or five points back, first big, then small, stop chanting

Appendix: Youyin, Youhao and Dangyin, Danghao

Youyin, Younao and Dangyin, Dangnao have their own versions due to different schools. Here are two representative explanations of Wuzhizhai Zither Manual and Tongxin Pavilion Fingering Analysis:

Interpretation of Wuzhizhai Zither Manual

Wandering: It means to take the string and go up and down, then go up and down again, about twice. Take a note on the string, as if wandering. You can swim and sing. You can swim along the river. It is like double collision and slowing down.

Dangyin: You can sing when you get the sound. You can use both ends to force. It means wandering. It is bigger and slower than a minstrel. It means double collision. Again, I can sing up and down in the Deyin.

Dang Nao: If the former Dang Yin, and Canggu. There is a kind of spiritual wandering at the Eight Poles.

Explanation of Tongxin Pavilion Fingering Analysis

Chanting: Each spectrum can be repeated twice or twice in the process of chanting. It seems that the meaning of chanting words is inappropriate. The mirror first retreats, then chants; After pressing the bullet, Fa went to the next position, followed by the standard, followed by the next position, and then went up to the standard, followed by Chang Yin.

Dangyin: After pressing the button, you will move up to the next position, and then move up to the next position. The old music is called singing after swinging up and down. The chanting must be forcefully performed at both ends, and the sound is consistent.

You Nao, Dang Nao: Say that you can sing and sing. The drilling rod shall be filled after re feeding. The first is the lower part, then the upper part.

Compared with the above statement, there is little difference between Dangyin and Youyin, but there is a difference between advanced recovery and backward recovery due to the unclear direction of Yinao's movement. With reference to the discussion on the direction of Yinnao in Yinnao Jieshuo, we can define Youyin and Dangyin as:

Wandering: If the original sound is above, retreat twice first and then chant more often; If the original sound is a note, first repeat it twice, then chant it often. You can swim and sing like a fish.

Dangyin: If the original tone is above, first down and then up, then add Changyin; If the original note is down, first up and then down, and then add Chang Yin. Use force at both ends to swing away and sing.

The definitions of the free range and the free range are

You Nao: If the original sound is above the standard, first retreat twice, then add Chang Nao; If the original sound is below the note, it should be repeated twice first, and then it should be added with "Chang Sao"; if the original sound is above the note, it should be added with "Chang Sao"; If the original note is down, first up and then down, then add Changhao.